INGLES TÉCNICO
1) CLAVES PARA LA COMPRENSION
A) Subrayar las palabras transparentes de los títulos de los siguientes abstracts
Modern agriculture
Global warming
The oil problem
Agroecology
Climate changes
Alternative energies
Genetic engineering
B) ¿Que abstract elegiría para obtener información sobre?...
El calentamiento global
Cambios de clima
El problema del petróleo
Relación de la agricultura con la ecología
Energías renovables
Genomas
La agricultura en la actualidad
C) Leer el siguiente texto extraído de Internet
.a. ¿De que se trata en líneas generales?
b- Señalar las palabras transparentes y las que ya conocemos.
c. Señalar las claves tipográficas
d. Sintetizar en un párrafo en castellano las ideas principales del texto
GREENPEACE
Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action.
Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace by:
Catalysing an energy revolution to address the number one threat facing our planet: climate change.
Defending our oceans by challenging wasteful and destructive fishing, and creating a global network of marine reserves.
Protecting the world’s ancient forests and the animals, plants and people that depend on them.
Working for disarmament and peace by tackling the causes of conflict and calling for the elimination of all nuclear weapons.
Creating a toxic free future with safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals in today's products and manufacturing.
Campaining for sustainable agriculture by rejecting genetically engineered organisms, protecting biodiversity and encouraging socially responsible farming.
Greenpeace is present in 40 countries across Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. To maintain its independence, Greenpeace does not accept donations from governments or corporations but relies on contributions from individual supporters and foundation grants.
In pursuing our mission, we have no permanent allies or enemies. We promote open, informed debate about society's environmental choices. We use research, lobbying, and quiet diplomacy to pursue our goals, as well as high-profile, non-violent conflict to raise the level and quality of public debate.
And we believe that the struggle to preserve the future of our planet is not about us. It's about you. Greenpeace speaks for 2.8 million supporters worldwide, and encourages many millions more than that to take action every day.
.
In pursuing our mission, we have no permanent allies or enemies. We promote open, informed debate about society's environmental choices. We use research, lobbying, and quiet diplomacy to pursue our goals, as well as high-profile, non-violent conflict to raise the level and quality of public debate.
And we believe that the struggle to preserve the future of our planet is not about us. It's about you. Greenpeace speaks for 2.8 million supporters worldwide, and encourages many millions more than that to take action every day.
.
2) FUNCIONES GRAMATICALES
a) Identificar los artículos.
1) The value of cattle
2) The salinity of the soil
3) An area of poor vegetation
4) A kind of vegetation
5) The problem of the soil
b) Escribir los plurales de los siguientes sustantivos
1) calf ………………… 2) quality ……………… 3) ray ………….. 4) gas …………..
5) fox …………………. 6) bush ………………… 7) buffalo ………. 8) branch ………..
9) seed …………….. 10) nucleus …………….. 11) larva ………12) stratum ………..
c) Escribir la forma singular de los siguientes plurales
1) blueberries …………….. 2) clays ……………
3) cacti …………………… 4) antennae ……….
5) curricula ………………. 6) criteria …………
7) people …………………… 8) cells ……………
9) cattlemen ……………… 10) countries ………..
d) CASO GENITIVO: Traducir
- The grower’s machinery
- The horses’ tails
- The researcher’s project
- Mendel’s experiment
- Einstein’s theories
- Lucas’ idea
- The country’s exports
- The experts’ opinions
e) Adjetivos: Identificarlos
1. The leaves are broad and flat
2. The epidermal cells are transparent
3. The epidermis is a uniform tissue
4. Red clover is small
5. Volcanic deposits are sterile
6. The roots of some plants are superficial
f) Escanear el siguiente texto (Claves tipográficas, palabras transparentes, repetidas)
g) Circular los sustantivos y subrayar los adjetivos que pueda identificar
The parts of a flower
The flower is the reproductive organ of plants with flowers. Flowers have the following parts:
- The corolla is the colourful part of the plant. Petals form the corolla
- The calyx is at the bottom of the flower. Sepals form the calyx. The sepals are small green leaves
- The gynaeceum is the part of the flower that produces the female sexual cells. The tip of the gynaeceum is called the stigma
The stamens produce the male sexual cells. They look like cotton buds with thick heads or anthers. The anthers contain the pollen. Flowers always have several stamens
h) SUSTANTIVOS COMO ADJETIVOS: Traducir
Heat absorption Water properties Moisture content
Temperature control Clay soil Production capacity
A test tube A glass tube Soil air
A cell wall The water cycle Wood fence
A plant cell A cell membrane Wheat grain
ii) ADVERBIOS: Unir los opuestos. Clasificar los adverbios
ALWAYS SLOWLY
YES WELL
YESTERDAY THERE
QUICKLY NEVER
BADLY NO
HERE TOMORROW
WHOLLY LATE
EARLY PARTLY
AFTER BEFORE
3) VERBO TO BE
a) Identificar tiempo verbal de cada oración.
b) Indicar referencia de las palabras subrayadas
1. Is that pesticide good? Yes, it is
2. Your products are good. Were they very expensive?
3. The laboratory was small and it wasn’t very clean
4. My books were on the table but they are not there now.
5. This is the new machine. Is it in motion?
6. This test tube was here. It was in the laboratory all the time
7. The product will be in the market next year
8. The method is thirty years old. Soon it will be obsolete
9. This herbicide will not be in stock next year. It is extremely expensive
10. The engineer is not here now, he is in the greenhouse
c) Traducir
1. He is about to plan the new factory
2. I am about to prepare the new program
3. She is about to spend money for a good printer
4. They are about to replace those desks.
5. They are about to modify the project
4) PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS: Combinaciones con How
heavy deep tall high far fast long old many much
1. How ……………..is the tower of Pisa 57 metres
2. How ……………..is your suitcase? About 18 kg
3. How ……………. are the products? 35 dollars
4. How ……………..is your motorbike? 225 km / h
5. How ……………..is the station from here? 25 blocks
6. How ……………..are you? I’m 20 years old
7. How ……………..is your swimming pool? 3 metres
8. How ……………. people are here? 14 men and 13 women
9. How ……………. is the Great Wall of China ? 2,400 km
10. How …………….. is Michael Jordan? 1.98 m
5) THERE BE: A) Indicar tiempo verbal de cada oración. Traducir
- There is a famous tower in
- There are many oilfields in
- Is there life in Jupiter?
- Were there many kinds of machines?
- There will probably be an earthquake soon
- Are there many people in the meeting?
- Will there be forests in the future?
- There won’t be clean air in this city
- How many bones are there in the human skeleton?
- There weren’t cinemas in this city until 2001
B) Indicar Verdadero o Falso
i. There is a lot of salt in the sea
ii. There are a lot of trees in a forest
iii. There are many inhabitants in China
iv. There aren’t many pages in an encyclopaedia
v. There are seven days in a week
vi. There aren’t 60 seconds in a minute
vii. There isn’t a lot of sand in the desert
viii. There is atmosphere on the moon
ix. There is forestry in the south of Argentina
x. There are not many varieties of orchids
6) PRESENTE SIMPLE
a) Leer el siguiente texto.
Indicar función gramatical de las palabras en mayúscula
Indicar referencia de los pronombres subrayados
The atom
The three important particles present in the atom are:
The electron: a VERY small particle with a mass 1/1850 of the hydrogen atom. It HAS a small negative charge of static electricity.
The proton: a HEAVY particle. It has a small positive charge
The neutron: another heavy particle. It has no electrostatic charge
VERY:
HAS:
HEAVY:
b) True or false?
1. Water freezes at 100º
2. The Earth moves round the sun
3. Not many plants grow on high mountains
4. All animals have four legs
5. Cows eat grass
6. Some animals don’t drink much water
7. Water boils at 0º
8. Amphibians live on land and in water
9. Plants give off oxygen
10. Hot air rises
c) Colocar los verbos en las oraciones
is study absorbs need damage studies magnifies affects use releases
- Mad cow disease is a fatal disease which ...............the nervous system of cattle
- Do you ...................Agronomic Engineering?
- Green plants ............... carbon dioxide, water and minerals
- Chlorophyll ....................sunlight
- The chlorophyll molecule ................ the energy
- Why do plants ...........iron?
- How does acid rain ..................trees?
- A biologist ........................all forms of life and often needs the help of a microscope.
- A microscope is an instrument which ...................... very small objects
- Light .............a very important environmental factor for plants.
d) Interrogaciones con preposiciones en Presente Simple: Traducir
1. Where do minerals come from?
2. Who do you work with?
3. What is the climate like?
4. Who is this apparatus for?
5. How many elements does water consist of?
e) Subrayar las palabras transparentes. Indicar referencia de las palabras subrayadas.
The origin of life
The universe is energy. Everything around us is matter and matter is made from atoms. They correspond to basic elements like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and others. An atom is a unit of matter.
Atoms form groups called molecules. Different combinations of atoms or molecules creat different kinds of matter. An oxygen molecule, for example, is made from two oxygen atoms.
There are two basic types of molecules: small molecules and macromolecules. the first ones are in non-living matter: minerals, air, water. Macromolecules are made from many small molecules. They exist in living matter: plants, animals and people. However, the macromolecules also exist in some synthetics like polythene and nylon.
Macromolecules are not living matter but they combine to create cells. Cells are basic units of life. This combination of non-living matter to form living matter is called “the miracle of life”. Some living matter like bacteria are made from one cell. Plants and animals are made from millions of cells. A cell can produce more cells. A human being comes from only one cell. It is an intelligent form of energy
They:
Ones:
They:
It:
Comprension lectora: Responda en castellano
- What is an atom?
- How many basic types of molecules are there?
- Do macromolecules exist in non-living matter?
- What is “the miracle of life”?
- How many cells does a human being come from?
PASADO SIMPLE: a) Subrayar los verbos en pasado.
b) Identificarlos como regulares o irregulares.
- The company built a new factory in the industrial area
- We studied the case
- Why did the students calculate the volume of the sample?
- Did the operator finish the work?
- The chemist did not dissolve the substance in water
- Did the radioactive elements leave any trace of radiation?
- The test tube did contain a vaccine
- The pests destroyed the crops. The farmers did not use pesticides
- They applied sanctions to nuclear weapons
- I looked at the results and did notice the mistake
c) Leer el texto.
d) Indicar referencia de las palabras subrayadas.
e) Señalar los verbos. Identificarlos como regulares o irregulares
Pesticides
In the 1950s, some of the pesticides damaged the environment. One of them was DDT. When a bird or other organism ate the insects, they ate the DDT too. It accumulated in their tissues
FUTURO SIMPLE
a) Do you agree or disagree with the following predictions? Discutir en grupos
1. There will be more deforestation
2. We will pollute the atmosphere more
3. Global warming will stop
4. We will use alternative energy
5. People will live on the moon
6. The weather will be under man’s control
7. Robots will replace many people’s jobs
8. Children won’t go to school any more. They will study on their computers at home
9. Many families will travel to the space on holidays
10. Fresh water will be very expensive
b) Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula
- These PRODUCTS will help you
- This technique will obtain a CLEAR identification
- After fertilization, not all the embryos will survive. Some of them will DIE
- I shall consider only ONE system
- The growers WILL use this product in the future
- This pesticide won’t hurt the CROPS
VERBO “HAVE”: Indicar tiempo verbal de cada oración
- Benzene has a boiling point of 80º, 4
- All atoms have a very small nucleus
- What property does rubber have?
- Wood does not have the ability to conduct heat
- In ancient times man did not have electricity
- The membrane has pores in it which are very small
- What does a bee have in common with a mosquito?
- We do not have a displacement of electrons
- This city will have 1,200,000 inhabitants in a near future
- A plant cell also has a cell membrane
VERBOS MODALES: A) Identificarlos
- Sound waves cannot travel without a medium
- Very large molecules are able to go through the cell wall
- Somebody ought to give the new machine an oil change
- A single plant is able to produce thousands of seeds but few of them survive
- You need to use glucose
- You should protect the surface
- In a solid substance the molecules cannot move very far. In a liquid they can move freely
- Each tube must have the same solution
- Glucose may be transported to other parts of the plants
- They should have a good supply of oxygen
- What problems might occur?
B) Pesticides: Identificar los verbos modales
A pesticide is a substance which is able to kill organisms that damage crops. Insects which eat crops can be killed with insecticides. Fungi which grow on crops are controlled with fungicides. Weeds which compete with crop plants for water, light and minerals can be controlled with herbicides. Pesticides may also be used to control organisms which transmit diseases, such as mosquitoes.
El ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO
1) A) ANIMAL’S QUIZ
1) Which is longer: a worm or a snake?
2) Which is heavier: a sheep or a cow?
3) Which is faster: a leopard or a monkey?
4) Which is smaller: a koala or a panda?
5) Which is bigger: a donkey or a horse?
B) SUPERLATIVO
In the world, which is……….
… the largest country ?
… the longest river?
… the highest mountain?
… the most expensive metal?
… the richest country in oil?
PLATINUM SAUDI ARABIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION
THE NILE MOUNT EVEREST
2) Grado Comparativo y Superlativo: Identificarlo
1. That is the worst symptom
2. His technique is more effective than yours
3. This product is better
4. These machines are the best
5. This treatment is more effective than the previous one
6. This is the cheapest equipment
7. Nearer the shore, there are larger plants
8. There is a higher concentration of oxygen molecules outside the cell, but a lower concentration inside
B) Casos especiales: Traducir
1) This study is not as specific as the other one
2) The faster a plant transpires, the faster it takes water
3) The higher the humidity, the less water evaporates from the leaves
4) The smaller the surface of the leaf, the less water will evaporate from it
5) The more you read it, the better you will understand it
6) Capillarities unite to form larger and larger veins
7) The farther the magnets, the smaller the attraction
8) Most of the soil in this area is clay
EL IMPERATIVO. A) Ubicar las precauciones en el lugar correspondiente
Chemistry laboratory- Safety precautions
Wear a lab coat and goggles Leave chemicals on the bench Run
Wash your hands Smoke Turn off the gas tap
ALWAYS NEVER
………………………………. ………………………
……………………………….. ………………….......
……………………………………… ……………………………..
B) Traducir las siguientes oraciones
- Take this pill every four hours
- Do not take more than two pills
- Please, do not breathe
- Do not use cellular phone
- Remain in your position
- Wear a shirt with short sleeves
- Always keep both hands behind
- Don’t forget the equipment
- Let’s review this hypotheses
- Let us not make the same mistake again
C) Traducir el siguiente experimento: Photosynthesis experiment
1. Take a leaf from a healthy plant
2. Put it in boiling water
3. Leave it for about 30 seconds
4. Remove the leaf, which will be soft
5. Put it into a tube of alcohol in the water
6. Leave until there is no more chlorophyll. The leaf will now be brittle
7. Remove it from the alcohol, and dip it into water again to soften it
8. Put the leaf on a white tile, and cover it with iodine solution
A black color shows that the leaf contains starch
REPASO GENERAL
1) Leer el siguiente texto y subrayar las palabras transparentes. Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula e indicar referencia de los pronombres subrayados.
Most forests grow WHERE many of the people are very poor. They cut down the trees to grow food. Some governments of the RICHER countries provide alternative sources of income for people.
All DEVELOPED countries SHOULD help poorer countries to conserve their natural resources.
Local people love their FOREST and do not want to see it destroyed
2) Unir con las estructuras correspondientes
1. Some plants will survive A. Presente Simple
2. It hurts the leaves B. Verbo modal
3. She prepared the project C. Pasado Simple
4. Mix the ingredients D. Futuro Simple
5. The biggest laboratory E. Superlativo
6. You should finish the experiment G. Imperativo
3) Leer el siguiente texto. Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula y
referencia de las subrayadas y en negrita.
Pollination
The wind and certain animals can transfer pollen from one flower o another. For example, the wind transports pollen of WHEAT flowers. Some animals and insects LIKE bees, also transport pollen.
When bees LAND
4) Indicar referencia de los pronombres subrayados Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula.
Abiotic factors: Soil.
Soil is a very IMPORTANT environmental factor, because plants rely on it for many of their requirements.
Nutrient minerals: Soil PROVIDES nutrients for plants, particularly minerals such as nitrates, potassium salts, etc.
Water: Plants obtain water from the soil.
Air: Plant roots and other organisms need air, to provide them with oxygen for respiration. A good soil has plenty of AIR spaces.
TIEMPOS PROGRESIVOS:a) Identificar tiempo verbal y traducir las oraciones
- I was walking when I met a stranger
- I am going to be an engineer
- The man hurt his ankle when he was repairing the machine
- He’s going to save money
- Next month, I will be relaxing in
- Nobody is following me
- She is going to travel round the world
- The research team is testing new methods soon
- They are going to estimate the depth of the sea by means of a sonar
- We are going to find the cure of this illness
b) Identificar caso de ING y traducir las siguientes oraciones
- He is capable of holding a conversation in English
- We shall start by considering the most relevant factors
- It will be remedied by changing the direction of the vector
- By allowing the steam to escape we can relieve the pressure
- When placing an object in the sun, it becomes hot
- Specifying the number of protons and neutrons is necessary to identify the nucleus
- Remove the chlorophyll dissolving it with alcohol
- The leaf must be very efficient at absorbing carbon dioxide
- Plant cells need energy for transporting food material between cells and inside cells
- All living organisms need oxygen
- Tomatoes produce more flowers if they grow at 80 degrees F. during the day
TIEMPOS PERFECTOS: Traducir
- I haven’t read his books
- How long have you been learning English?
- Where have you been? I’ve been waiting for two hours
- I have thought about what you said and I have decided to take your advice
- The ground is wet. It has been raining
- Have you been running?
- When a tadpole has changed into a frog, we say that has undergone a metamorphosis
- I haven’t read the abstract yet
- After pollination, the male gamete inside the pollen grain on the stigma still has not reached the female gamete
VOZ PASIVA: A) Identificar la voz pasiva y traducir las oraciones
- The roof of the building was damaged in a storm
- Service is included in the bill
- All the flights will be cancelled
- The activities of the organs of the body are controlled by hormones and nerves
- One thousand lives were saved by vaccination last year
- Oxygen is replaced by carbon dioxide
- The pyramids of
- In the wallflower, pollen is carried from an anther to a stigma by insects
B) Identificar la voz pasiva:
Pesticides
A pesticide is a substance which kills organisms that damage crops. Insects which eat crops can be killed with insecticides. Fungi which grow on crops are controlled with fungicides. Weeds which compete with crop plants for water, light and minerals can be controlled with herbicides. Pesticides may also be used to control organisms which transmit diseases, such as mosquitoes.
EL INFINITIVO
A) Completar las oraciones
- To obtain good results the treatment must be ………………
- In order to compare the resistance, press the ………………
- We keep the material in ………….. to protect them
- You should use a …………..to protect your head
- The function of the fruit is to protect the …………inside
- It is very difficult to keep the ………….well drained
- We should wear …………….in order to protect our hands
- Pesticides may be used to control organisms which transmit …………..
- Tree-planting is good, but no sufficient to control global ……………
- It is impossible to install these panels in areas where the ………… does not shine
seeds repeated diseases land button warming
gloves boxes helmet sun
B) Identificar los infinitivos.
Drainage improves acid soils
It is not easy to convert a wet, acid soil into a good agricultural land. The first step is to drain it. It may be ploughed, and sown with grass seeds. The main problem is to keep the land well drained in case of abundant rainfalls.
The fruit protects the seeds
The function of the fruit is to protect the seeds inside until they are ripe.
In the wallflower, the fruit is hard and dry. The seeds are very small and light, and they can be carried a short distance by the wind.
Dispersal of seeds is important, because thanks to this, plants do not compete for light, water and nutrients and they can grow properly. Dispersal also allows the plants to colonize new areas
CONDICIONAL: A) Traducir las oraciones
- It would be nice to have a holiday but we do not have the money
- I don’t want to go to bed yet. I’m not tired and I wouldn’t sleep
- I don’t know what I would have done without their help
- She promised she wouldn’t be late
- I didn’t see you. Otherwise I would have stopped to talk
- What would you do if you were the President?
B) Indicar tipo de condicional
- If we apply a horizontal force to a body at rest, it moves
- If the cosmic mass expanded, the temperature would fall
- Water evaporates if it is boiled
- Vegetables lose many of their vital vitamins if they are boiled in water
- Water solidifies if it is freezed
- Metals expand if they are heated
- Most micro-organisms die if they are boiled
- If you measure the length of the diameter of the circle, you will find the answer
- We wouldn’t do it if we didn’t need the money
- If they had accepted our proposal, they would have solved their problems
- If Napoleon had not been born in
- Air rises if it is heated
REPASO GENERAL
A.) 1) Leer el siguiente texto y subrayar las palabras transparentes
Nitrate use must be carefully controlled
If NITRATE fertilisers are used, there is much which can be done to limit the harm they do. Fertilisers should not be applied to empty fields, only when plants are growing.
They should not be sprayed near to STREAMS and rivers. In some parts of the north, which have been designated as nitrate sensitive areas, there are strict controls to restrict farmers in their use of nitrate fertilisers, and also in the use of organic fertilizers such as manure
Some of the nitrates ARE CARRIED deep into the soil, where they find their way into water in rocks called aquifers. Water in aquifers may be extracted to use as DRINKING water. However, if people drink water containing a lot of nitrate, they may become ill
2) Indicar referencia de los pronombres subrayados
3) Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula
B) 1. Leer y subrayar las palabras transparentes
Natural and synthetic rubber
Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried, before being dispatched to countries all over the world. When the rubber industry DEVELOPED, rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot, humid climate, but these could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of the world.
For many years, attempts WERE MADE to produce a substitute, but they were not successful. Finally, a synthetic rubber was discovered. It is produced in FACTORIES by a complicated chemical process and it is usually CHEAPER than natural rubber.
At present, both natural and synthetic rubber are used in large quantities.
2) Indicar referencia de las palabras subrayadas y función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula
4) Indicar Verdadero o Falso
a. There were rubber plantations in cold countries
b. Natural rubber is more expensive than synthetic rubber
c. It is difficult to produce synthetic rubber
C) Sources of energy
Nearly all energy derives from the sun, either indirectly or DIRECTLY, in the form of heat rays and light rays. Also moonlight derives from the sun. The moon can be compared to a large mirror which reflects the SUN’S LIGHT to the earth.
The light and HEAT Energy from coal derive indirectly from the sun. Coal was formed by the pressure of the rocks on vegetation which died millions of years ago. That vegetation GREW with the aid of sunlight. Carbohydrates were formed, converting solar energy into chemical energy. When coal is burned some of this energy is released.
Energy used for car engines IS DERIVED from petrol, which was also formed with the indirect aid of the sun. The remains of plants and animals WHICH died millions of years ago were pressed under the rocks in the earth. They formed petroleum, from which petrol and oil are now obtained. In conclusion, the sun is the source of nearly all energy. In the absence of the sun’s heat and light no LIFE could exist on earth.
1. Indicar función gramatical de las palabras en mayúscula
2. Sintetizar en castellano el texto
D) Crop rotation: Explique con sus palabras el proceso
Before inorganic fertilizers were available, farmers used crop rotation to maintain the fertility of the soil. This means growing different crops in a field each year, perhaps in a four year cycle.
Each kind of crop (cereals such as wheat, root crops such as sugar beet, legumes such as peas), takes its own particular requirements from the soil. If you grow the same crop year after year, then the particular nutrients needed by this crop are quickly removed from the soil, and you must replace them with fertilizers. If you grow different crops, however, which have different needs for nutrients, then they are not removed so rapidly. Legumes are especially useful in a crop rotation.
E) Relacionar las oraciones con la estructura que corresponda. Hay extras!!
1. Some species will extinct A. Presente Simple
2. Rain usually does not hurt the leaves B. Futuro Simple
3. She added fungi to the preparation C. Pasado Simple
4. Do not mix the solution D. Presente Continuo
5. These worms are going to improve soil E. Voz pasiva en pasado
6. Water was extracted F. Futuro perifrastico
7. I haven’t translated the abstract yet G. Imperativo
8. We are examining some organisms H. Superlativo
9. If you boil this, most micro-organisms will die I. Presente Perfecto
10. The faster a plant transpires, the faster it takes up water J. Condicional 0
K. Comparativo
L. Condicional 1
M. Presente Continuo
F) Leer el siguiente texto y subrayar las palabras transparentes
Sugerir un titulo
Indicar referencia de las palabras subrayadas
Indicar función gramatical de las palabras resaltadas en mayúscula
If a semi-permeable membrane has a dilute solution of sugar on one side and a concentrated solution of sugar on the other, a greater number of water molecules will diffuse through the membrane from the dilute solution to the concentrated one than the reverse. In effect, water diffuses from the dilute solution, through the semi-permeable membrane, into the concentrated solution.This process is known as osmosis. When both solutions on either side of the membrane are of equal concentration, osmosis ceases.
The absorption of water from the soil by the roots of plants is a good illustration of osmosis. All living organisms depend on osmosis to transport nutrients and waste materials through the cell walls. Osmosis is one of the most important phenomena, and many life processes depend on it.
GLOSARIO TÉCNICO
Agronomist: Agronomo
Animal breeding: Cria de animales
Apple: Manzana
Bee: Abeja
Beetle: Escarabajo
Blossom: Capullo
Branch: Rama
Broadcasting / Broadcast sowing: Siembra al voleo
Bud: Brote / Yema
Bush: Arbusto
Casing: Cascara / cubierta
Cattle: Ganado vacuno
Cell: Celula
Cell wall: Pared celular
Cell membrane: membrana celular
Clay: Arcilla
Clod crusher: Desterronadora
Clod: Terron
Coal: Carbon
Corncob: Mazorca
Corn field: Trigal
Cotton picker: Cosechadora de algodon
Cotton: Algodon
Cotton bud: Capullo de algodon
Country: Campo / Pais
Cow: Vaca
Crop: Cultivo
Cut: Cortar
Cutting: Corte / Poda
Cut down: Talar
Dairy products: Productos lacteos
Damage: Dañar / Daño
Develop: Desarrollar
Dig: cavar
Drainage: Drenaje
Dry: Seco
Environment: Medio ambiente
Factory: Fabrica
Farm: Granja
Farmer: Granjero, agricultor
Farming year: Campaña agricola
Field: Campo
Flax: Lino
Fleshy fruit: Fruto pulposo
Flower: Flor
Fruit growing: Fruticultura
Furrow: Surco
Gloves: Guantes
Grain: Grano
Grass: Pasto
Grassland: Pastizal
Greenhouse: Invernadero
Ground: Suelo
Grow: Cultivar / Crecer
Grower: Agricultor
Harvest: Cosecha
Heat: Calor
Hot: Caluroso / Caliente
Illness: Enfermedad
Land: Tierra
Landowner: Terrateniente
Layer: Capa
Leaf: Hoja
Legume: Legumbre
Light: Luz
Livestock: Ganado
Manure: estiercol
Mixed farming:Policultivo
Mowing: Siega
Nuts: Frutos secos
Oil plants: Plantas oleoginosas
Pea: Arveja
Peach: Durazno
Pear: Pera
Pepper: Pimiento
Pick: Cosechar
Picking: Recoleccion
Plum: Ciruela
Producer: Productor
Prune: Podar
Rain: Lluvia
Rainfall: Precipitacion
Ray: Rayo
Remains: Restos
Resource: Recurso
Ripe: Maduro
Ripen: Madurar
Root: Raiz
Rubber: Caucho /Goma
Rust: Roya
Salt: Sal
Sand: Arena
Season: Temporada, estacion
Seed: Semilla
Single crop farming: Monocultivo
Soil: Suelo
Source: Fuente
Sow: Sembrar
Spray: Rociar
Spreading: Esparcimiento
Starch: Almidon
Stem: Tallo
Sugar beet: Remolacha
Sun: Sol
Sunflower: Girasol
Sunlight: Luz solar
Supply: Suministrar / Suministro
Thresh: Trillar
Threshing: Trilla
Tip: Punta
Tissue: Tejido
Toad: Sapo
Tuber: Tuberculo
Wallflower: Aleli
Wasp: Avispa
Water: Agua
Watering: Riego
Weed: Maleza
Weeding machine: Escardadora
Wet: Humedo
Wheat: Trego
White fly: Mosca blanca
Wind: Viento
World: Mundo
